Two hypocaloric diets (approx. 1500 kcal) were compared in a randomised controlled intervention, to examine whether carbohydrate restriction improves the biological markers that define the metabolic syndrome through regulation of insulin. Subjects with atherogenic dyslipidaemia (n=40 adults aged 18-55 years, BMI >25) were assigned to one of two diets for 12 weeks. The diets were a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD: 12% CHO; 59% fat; 28% protein) and a low-fat diet (LFD: 56% CHO; 24% fat; 20% protein). Subjects following the CRD had consistently reduced glucose (-12%) and insulin (-50%) concentrations, insulin resistance (-55%), weight loss (-10%), decreased adiposity (-14%) and more favourable triglyceride (-51%), HDL (13%) and total cholesterol/HDL ratio (-14%) responses. These subjects also showed more favourable responses to postprandial lipaemia, the Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio and LDL particle distribution. Furthermore, despite a threefold higher intake of saturated fat in the CRD subjects, saturated fatty acids in triglycerides and cholesteryl ester were significantly reduced.
May 2009